The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1573 Words

People are constantly changing. They are constantly using their past mistakes to make for themselves a better future. Life is a constant process of living and learning. This is what author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, has the character Hester Prynne do in his novel The Scarlet Letter. Hester Prynne, the main protagonist, causes great havoc in her society for committing adultery. The novel tells the story of Hester and how she is shut out from her world for what she has done, and exemplifies the affect of her sin on those around her and those closest to her. These people including Reverend Dimmesdale who dissipates from his own guilt, Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband who was assumed to be dead, who becomes a very vengeful and spiteful man, and also her own daughter Pearl who is an outcast of the children because she is a child of sin. Hester’s development throughout the novel is truly remarkable as are the effects other characters have on her. She grows from being ashamed and defiant to at peace with herself and her sin while remaining the same protective mother of her daughter, Pearl. She becomes confident and free, not letting the Puritan society control or define her. At first glance, Hester is portrayed more so as the victim rather than the heroine. Because she committed adultery against her husband, we see the people in her society brand her with a red â€Å"A†. She’s forced to stand in shame of a thousand Puritan citizens, enduring their stares and whispers. Hester therefore,Show MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

The Essay The Trash Lottery - 1759 Words

THE STONED LOTTERY WINNER We all have, at one time or another, day dreamed about what we would do if we won the lottery. Some of those dreams could include traveling to exotic places, buy a new home, and help family and friends, just to name a few of the dreams. Very few people will ever get the chance to make those dreams come true, however many people still have a tradition of playing and many have certain rituals when playing the lottery, such as: playing the same numbers, buying their tickets from only a certain store, or buying tickets only on certain days. Although, I don’t have a tradition of playing the lottery, I will every now and then buy a ticket. The ritual of this irregular tradition is when the jackpot is so high most†¦show more content†¦Your ritual has been disrupted and something seems off all day. Rituals bring structure and consistency into our lives. Without this structure or consistency, a person will not recognize what are the important things in life, the important thi ngs about a routine or tradition. The villagers in Jackson’s The Lottery may have found some of the rituals of the tradition irrelevant and either absolutely rejected them or let them lapse completely. The villagers have continued an annual tradition without keeping, knowing or caring about the rituals. This is shown in two passages in the story, the first being, â€Å"Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jackson). The essential fact that the original black box was lost shows that this tradition of the lottery is not as important to them as it was to past generations. The second passage clearly shows that the villagers have slowly over generations grown less devoted to the tradition. â€Å"†¦some people remembered, there had been a recital of some sort, performed by the official of the lottery, a perfunctory, tuneless chant that had been rattled off duly each year; some people believed that the official of the lottery used to stand just so when he said or sang it, others believed that he was supposed to walk among the people, but years and years ago this part of the ritual had been allowed to lapse. There hadShow MoreRelatedThe, Death And Blind Sheep3005 Words   |  13 Pagesdepravity means we are doomed at birth having been born into sin. This appears to be extremely harsh and hopeless, however, is that the case or does depravity only talk about how serious the fall was and how it affects the entire person. The goal of the essay is to explore, and if possible expose, the doctrine of total depravity by looking , the history behind depravity, the supporting and non-supporting views and then summarize with my theological reflection. Topic Choice So why chose this topic? AndRead MoreTheories of Development6168 Words   |  25 Pageswhich of the following would apply to the mother? A) Negative punishment B) Positive punishment C) Negative reinforcement D) Positive reinforcement Answer: C Page Ref: 30 27) Miguel is expected to clean his room and to empty all trash in the house. When Miguel forgets his chores, he is grounded. Which of the following has been appropriately applied if Miguel remembers to do his chores? A) Punishment B) Negative reinforcement C) Positive reinforcement D) Extinction Answer:Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesexchange their diverse backgrounds and skills.† Among the countries where IBM has sent its multicultural teams are Turkey, Tanzania, Vietnam, Ghana, and the Philippines. As for Chakra, he was thrilled to be selected for the team. â€Å"I felt like I won the lottery,† he said. He advised GreenForest on how to become a paperless company in 3 years and recommended computer systems to boost productivity and increase exports to western Europe. Another team member, Bronwyn Grantham, an Australian who works at IBMRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolvers and decision makers who prefer to deal with technical tasks and straightforward, prescribed problems rather than social or interpersonal issues. They excel at problems that have one correct answer. Multiple-choice exams are preferred over ess ay exams. Research has suggested that these individuals are inclined toward careers in technology, engineering, and law. In college, students with a knowing style tend to major in the physical sciences, engineering, law, and computers. In business, they

Health and Safety Plan

Question: 1. What are the problems and limitations of WHSMS? 2. How communicate and explain evaluation of WHS performance to others in relation to areas that require changes? Answer: 1. While implementing health and safety plan, there are some common limitations have been found. It has been found that most of the employees think safety as someone elses problem. For this reason they become negligent and increases risk at workplace (Saracino et al. 2012). It has been found that management of the organization does not really care about safety at workplace. They are only concerned about performance. They put productivity and performance ahead of safety measures. The management of the organization believes in too much paper work related with safety producers rather than implementation. Rather than taking precautions, they like to react to injuries. It has been found that management does not found it necessary to involved people (employees) with the risk management procedure. It has been found that the new risk management system is too complicated for the business (Goh et al. 2012). It has been found that the implemented risk management system is too complicated to und erstand for some employees within the organization. Moreover it has been found that the monitoring system is inefficient. The management does not review the system regularly. While implementing health Safety plan, it has been found that most of the employees do not have sufficient training and information about workplace health and safety. Most of the employees only have technical training (work related). For this reason they become negligent to their safety and safety of others. 2. In order to implement a suitable change in any given organization regarding health and safety management, it is necessary that the employees be committed to practices of safety management. There are several steps, which would be quite effective for the successful implementation of the health and safety practices. The first step that would be most necessary is proper review and evaluation of the organizational systems. The second step would be focusing on planning to come to a most crucial strategy for health and safety management practice. The third step would be undertaking action for implementing the changes within the organization according to the planning (Goh et al. 2012). Most generally, these actions include injury management, emergency readiness, contractor management, incident investigation, training and supervision as well as hazard management. The improvement of the health and safety management practice must be conducted through a distinct cycle, which can be considered as improvement cycle. Figure 1: Improvement Cycle (Source: Goh et al. 2012) The organization is continuously stayed at risk from various hazards as well as risk factors. Therefore, it is evident that the organization needed to implement this particular management practices quite urgently so that the organization can improve its performance regarding the health and safety practice. The review part of the improvement cycle can effectively identify the injury factors as well as hazards (Saracino et al. 2012). In addition to that, the current systems and practices can effectively identify by these improvement cycle. The planning part has the capability to identify the effective objectives. Moreover, it can successfully determine the necessary sources. However, it is evident that the planning, review as well as action of improvement cycle must be executed with proper specialist advice. Reference list Goh, Y.M., Love, P.E., Stagbouer, G. and Annesley, C., 2012. Dynamics of safety performance and culture: A group model building approach.Accident Analysis Prevention,48, pp.118-125. Saracino, A., Spadoni, G., Curcuruto, M., Guglielmi, D., Bocci, V.M., Cimarelli, M., Dottori, E. and Violante, F.S., 2012. A new model for evaluating occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS).Chemical Engineering Transactions,26, pp.519-524.

Lily in The Secret Life of Bees Essay Example

Lily in The Secret Life of Bees Paper In the novel The Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd, the 14-year-old girl Lily Owens runs away from her abusive father to a bee farm in Tiburon, South Carolina. When Lily was four years old, her mother decided to escape from an unhappy marriage with T-Ray, Lily’s father. T-Ray refuses her mother to leave and in the chaos that erupts, Lily accidentally shoots her mother. Lily treasures the few belongings that she still has from her mother: a box with a pair of white silk gloves and a small picture with a black Mary and Tiburon, South Carolina engraved on the back. T-Ray, her father, is a very stern and harsh man who does not care much for Lily. As punishment when she misbehaves, he makes her kneel on grits for an hour until her knees are swollen and red. Lily feels that she does not have a single parent figure that loves her and is in desperate search of a family that will take her in as their own child. Lily believes that a child cannot be so unfortunate as not to have at least one of their parents love them. As Lily is a spitting image of her mother, Deborah, T-Ray feels anger and resentment every time he lays his eyes upon his daughter. Lily is constantly in search of a love from T-Ray, however when she realizes that they will never have a strong father-daughter connection, she decides that her only solution is to run away. With Rosaleen by her side, Lily decides that she will escape to Tiburon, South Carolina, hoping to find someone who will truly love her. We will write a custom essay sample on Lily in The Secret Life of Bees specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lily in The Secret Life of Bees specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lily in The Secret Life of Bees specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When finally arriving in Tiburon, Lily sees the picture of a black Mary like the one that was on the picture left from her mother on a honey jar. She is told that the woman who produces this honey is called August Boatwright and lives right up the street in a Caribbean pink house on a large honey farm. A large, black and openhearted woman opens the door for Rosaleen and Lily and allows them to stay in her honey house. She introduces herself as August Boatwright and tells t

Starburst Galaxies

Starburst Galaxies The universe is filled with galaxies, which are themselves filled with stars. At some point in its life, each galaxy bristled with star formation in vast clouds of hydrogen gas. Even today, some galaxies seem to have more than the usual amount of star birth activity and astronomers want to know why. There were so many stars being born in some galaxies in earlier times that they probably looked like cosmic fireworks bursts. Astronomers refer to these hotbeds of star birth as starburst galaxies. Key Takeaways: Starburst Galaxies Starburst galaxies are galaxies where high rates of star formation has occurred very quickly.Nearly all types of galaxies can undergo starburst events if conditions are right.Astronomers know that starburst galaxies are often involved in mergers that mingle stars and gas. Shock waves push the gas, which sets off the starburst activity. Starburst galaxies have unusually high  rates of star formation, and those bursts last for a short time during the galaxys long life. Thats because star formation burns through the gas reserves of the galaxy very quickly. It is likely that the sudden burst of star birth is triggered by a specific event. In most cases, a galaxy merger does the trick. Thats when two or more galaxies mesh together in a long gravitational dance and eventually meld together. During the merger, the gases of all the galaxies involved are mixed together. The collision sends shock waves through those gas clouds, which compress the gases and set off bursts of star formation.   Properties of Starburst Galaxies Starburst galaxies are not a  new type of galaxy, but rather simply a galaxy (or mingled galaxies) in a particular phase of their evolution. Even so, there are some properties that show up in most starburst galaxies: a very rapid star formation rate. These galaxies will produce stars at rates well above the average rate of most regular galaxies; availability of gas and dust. Some galaxies may have higher than normal star-formation rates simply due to their high volumes of gas and dust. However, some starburst galaxies do not a have the reserves to justify why they would have such high rates of star formation, so mergers may not be the only explanation;star formation rate is inconsistent with the age of the galaxy. The main point is that the current rate of star formation could not have been constant since the formation of the galaxy given its age. An older galaxy simply wouldnt have enough gas left over to keep up starbirth action for billions of years. In some starburst galaxies astronomers see a sudden burst of star birth, and often the explanation is a merger or chance encounter with another galaxy. Astronomers sometimes also compare the rate of star formation in a galaxy relative to its rotational period. If, for example, the galaxy exhausts all of its available gas during one rotation of the galaxy (given the high star formation rate), then it can be considered a starburst galaxy. The Milky Way rotates once every 220 million years; some galaxies go much slower, others faster. Another widely accepted method to see if a galaxy is a starburst is to compare the star formation rate against the age of the universe. If the current rate would exhaust all of the available gas in less time than 13.7 billion years, then its possible that a given galaxy may be in a starburst state.   Annotated image showing dazzling eyelid-like features bursting with stars in galaxy IC 2163. A tsunami of stars and gas triggered by a glancing collision with galaxy NGC 2207 (a portion of its spiral arm is shown on right side of image). ALMA image of carbon monoxide (orange), which revealed motion of the gas in these features, is shown on top of Hubble image (blue) of the galaxy. M. Kaufman; B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF); ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Types of Starburst Galaxies Starburst activity can occur in galaxies ranging from spirals to irregulars. Astronomers who study these objects classify them into sub-types that help describe their ages and other characteristics. Starburst galaxy types include: Wolf-Rayet galaxies:  defined by their ratio of bright stars that fall into the Wolf-Rayet classification. Galaxies of this type have regions of high stellar wind, driven by the Wolf-Rayet stars. Those stellar monsters are incredibly massive and luminous and have very high rates of mass loss. The winds that they produce can collide with regions of gas and drive rapid star formation.Blue compact galaxies:  low mass galaxies that were once thought to be young galaxies, just beginning to form stars. However, they usually contain populations of very old stars. That usually is a good clue that the galaxy is quite old. Astronomers now suspect that blue compact galaxies are actually the result of mergers between galaxies of varying ages. Once they collide, starburst activity ramps up and lights up the galaxies.Luminous infrared galaxies:  dim, hidden galaxies that are difficult to study because they contain high levels of dust that can obscure observation. Typically infrared radiation   detected by telescopes is used to penetrate the dust. That provides clues to increased star formation. Some of these objects have been found to contain multiple supermassive black holes, which can shut down star formation. The increase in star birth in such galaxies has to be the result of a recent galaxy merger. Cause of Increased Star Formation Although the merger of galaxies is pinpointed as the main cause of star birth in these galaxies, the exact processes are not well understood. Partially, this is due to the fact that starburst galaxies come in many shapes and sizes, so there may be more than one condition that leads to increased star formation. However, for a starburst galaxy to even form, there must be lots of gas available to generate the new stars. Also, something must disturb the gas, to begin the gravitational collapse process that leads to the creation of new objects. Those two requirements led astronomers to suspect galaxy mergers and shock waves as two processes that can lead to starburst galaxies.   Centaurus A galaxy has a massive black hole at its heart that is actively gobbling up material. The actions of such active galactic nuclei may play a role in starbursts in galaxies.   ESO/WFI (Optical); MPIfR/ESO/APEX/A.Weiss et al. (Submillimetre); NASA/CXC/CfA/R.Kraft et al. (X-ray) Two other possibilities for the cause of starburst galaxies include: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN): Virtually all galaxies contain a supermassive black hole in their core. Some galaxies appear to be in a state of high activity, where the central black hole is ejecting massive amounts of energy.  There is a great deal of evidence to show that the presence of such a black hole can dampen star formation activity. However, in the case of these so-called active  galactic nuclei, they can also, under the right conditions, trigger rapid star formation as the accretion of matter in a disk and its eventual ejection away from the black hole can create shockwaves that could trigger star formation.High supernova rates: Supernovae are violent events. If the rate of explosions increases due to the presence of a very high number of aging stars in a compact area, the resulting shockwaves can begin a rapid increase in star formation. However, this such an event to occur the conditions would have to be ideal; more so than in the other possibilities listed here. A supernova can push clouds of nearby gas around spur limited amounts of starbirth. This supernova is shown in a Hubble Space Telescope view of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant. NASA/ESA/STScI Starburst galaxies remain an active area of investigation by astronomers. The more they find, the better scientists can describe the actual conditions that lead up to the bright bursts of star formation that populate these galaxies.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Best Summary and Analysis The Great Gatsby, Chapter 1

Best Summary and Analysis The Great Gatsby, Chapter 1 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In The Great Gatsby, Chapter 1, the table is set, both figuratively and literally. Figurative table setting includes meeting our narrator, Nick Carraway, and getting a sense of the wealthy Long Island neighborhood where the novel will take place. Literal table setting - well, that’s the dinner Nick has with his cousin Daisy, her husband Tom, and their friend (and Nick’s eventual love interest) Jordan Baker. Keep reading tolearn more about what happens in this chapter, understand how it touches on the novel’s main themes, and see close readings of key quotations! Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. The Great GatsbyChapter 1 Summary Nick Carraway introduces himself as a nonjudgmental observer of other people who has recently returned to his home in a wealthy Midwestern family from the East Coast after a devastating disappointment. This disappointment is the story he is about to tell, which happened two years before. After graduating from Yale, and fighting in WWI, Nick decides to become a bond trader and moves near NYC. Nick rents a house in West Egg, a Long Island suburb that is less fashionable than East Egg, which lies across the Long Island Sound. His tiny, cheap bungalow is next to Gatsby’s enormous, tacky mansion. Nick goes to have dinner with his cousin Daisy and her extremely rich husband Tom Buchanan, whom he knows slightly from Yale.Their house is overwhelmingly decorated. Tom is gruff, aggressive, and physically intimidating. Daisy and her friend Jordan Baker are wearing white dresses that look like balloons in the breeze.Daisy laughs a lot and speaks in a low, extremely appealing voice. Their conversation is scattered and shallow, and everyone talks over each other. During dinner, Tom suddenly reveals himself to be a racist, influenced by a book that argues that the â€Å"dominant white race† is in danger of being overwhelmed by minorities.The phone rings for Tom. After he goes to answer it, Daisy seems upset and leaves the room.Jordan tells Nick that the phone call is from Tom’s mistress in New York.The rest of dinner is tense and awkward and makes Nick feel like he should call the police. After dinner, Daisy takes Nick aside and tells him that she has become cynical.Nick asks Daisy about her two-year-old daughter. Daisy doesn’t seem to have any maternal feelings. When she found out that she had given birth to a daughter, Daisy’s first reaction was to cry. She hopes her daughter will grow up to be a â€Å"beautiful fool† (1.8).Despite the fact that Daisy seems to be baring her soul to him, Nick thinks this display of misery is some kind of an act. Daisy and Nick rejoin Tom and Jordan, and Nick realizes that Jordan is a relatively famous professional golfer. He’s seen her in magazines and has heard an unpleasant story about her. After Jordan goes to bed, Daisy matter-of-factly tells Nick to start a romantic relationship with Jordan. Tom, meanwhile, tells Nick not to believe anything Daisy told him when she took him aside.Tom and Daisy ask Nick about a rumor that he was engaged. Nick denies it. This rumor is actually one of the reasons he has come East. Nick leaves the house confused about why Daisy doesn’t simply take her daughter and leave Tom. However, he can see that she has no intention of doing so. Back at his house, Nick sees the figure of Gatsby outside his mansion. Nick thinks about introducing himself, but refrains when he sees Gatsby stretching his arms out toward a green light on the opposite shore of the bay. The green light on Daisy’s dock: an aurora borealis only Gatsby can see. Key Chapter 1 Quotes In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since. "Whenever you feel like criticizing any one," he told me, "just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had." (1.1-2) The opening lines of the book color how we understand Nick’s description of everything that happens in the novel. Nickwants to present himself as a wise, objective, nonjudgmental observer, but in the course of the novel, as we learn more and more about him, we realize that he is snobby and prejudiced. In fact, it is probably because he knows this about himself that he is so eager to start the story he is telling with a long explanation of what makes him the best possible narrator. Gatsby turned out all right at the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men. (1.4) This is how Nick sums up Gatsby before we have even met him, before we’ve heard anything about his life. As you read the book, think about how this information informsthe way you’re responding to Gatsby’s actions. How much of what we see about Gatsby is colored by Nick’s predetermined conviction that Gatsby is a victim whose â€Å"dreams† were â€Å"preyed on†? It often feels like Nick is relying on the reader’s implicit trust of the narrator to spin Gatsby, make him come across as very sympathetic, and gloss over his flaws. "Well, it's a fine book, and everybody ought to read it. The idea is if we don't look out the white race will be- will be utterly submerged. It's all scientific stuff; it's been proved." "Well, these books are all scientific," insisted Tom, glancing at her impatiently. "This fellow has worked out the whole thing. It's up to us who are the dominant race to watch out or these other races will have control of things." (1.78-80) Tom says this at dinner about a book he’s really into. Tomis introduced as a bully and a bigot from the very beginning, and his casual racism here is a good indicator of his callous disregard for human life. We will see that his affinity for being â€Å"dominant† comes into play whenever he interacts with other people. At the same time, however, Tom tends to surround himself with those who are weaker and less powerful - probably the better to lord his physical, economic, and class power over them. â€Å"I'm glad it's a girl. And I hope she'll be a fool- that's the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.† (1.8) Daisytells Nick that these are the first words she said after giving birth to her daughter. This funny and depressing take on what it takes to succeed as a woman in Daisy’s world is a good lens into why she acts the way she does. Because she has never had to struggle for anything, because of her material wealth and the fact that she has no ambitions or goals, her life feels empty and meaningless to her. In a way, this wish for her daughter to be a â€Å"fool† is coming from a good place. Based on her own experiences, she assumes that a woman who is too stupid to realize that her life is pointless will be happier than one (like Daisy herself) who is restless and filled with existential ennui (which is a fancy way of describing being bored of one’s existence). But I didn't call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone- he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward- and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. (1.152) The first time Nick sees him, Gatsby is making this half-prayerful gesture to the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock. This is our first glimpse of his obsession and his quest for the unobtainable. Gatsby makes this reaching movement several times throughout the book, each time because something he has strived for is just out of his grasp. I guess what I’m saying is that Jay Gatsby is a walking, talking demotivational poster. Chapter 1 Analysis Now, let's discuss the way this chapter works with the novel's themes, and also which major character events are key to take away from it. Themes and Symbols Society and Class. Right away, we see the difference between West Egg, the town of the vulgar nouveau riche and those driven by ambition to become them, and East Egg, the place where the old money elite lives in more classy luxury. Nick is hyper-aware of class differences when he has lunch with Daisy and Tom. Everything about them, from their house and its decor, to the way Daisy and Jordan flop on the furniture in carefree boredom, shows how incredibly wealthy and pampered they are. At the same time, Daisy’s half-joking remarks about her boredom and her cynicism show the darker side of having whatever you want whenever you want it - there stops being much point to life. Love and Relationships. Nick has several insights into Tom and Daisy’s dysfunctional marriage. First, that Tom is having an affair so indiscreet that everyone including Jordan knows about it. Second, that Daisy is clearly miserable about Tom’s cheating. But finally - and most importantly - that Daisy simply will not leave no matter how terrible she feels about his behavior. Their relationship, however flawed, works for the two of them - something Nick figures out almost immediately when he sees them standing next to each other as he leaves. This foreshadowing is crucial to keep in mind as we watch Gatsby’s attempt to win Daisy over. The Green Light. This chapter marks our first encounter with one of the most important symbols in the novel: the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock to which Gatsby assigns almost indescribable value. This light stands for everything that has been driving him over the past five years: the desire to be with Daisy, the quest for enough money to marry her, and the delusion that she has been as obsessed with him as he has been with her. The American Dream. More universally, this desire to obtain something that is forever just out of reach - and arguably can never actually be reached - is true for many of the novel’s characters as they pursue their versions of the American Dream (the idea that hard work alone will guarantee success). Reach exceeds grasp? Check. Unrealistic - nay, delusional - goal? Check. Yup, that pretty much sums up the American Dream as described by this novel. Crucial Character Beats Nick moves from the Midwest to West Egg, next door to Gatsby. He’s sick of his boring Midwestern life and wants to recapture some of the excitement of fighting in WWI. Nick has dinner with Daisy and Tom. They are rich, and their lives seem totally meaningless. Tom displays his racist ideas and Daisy displays a total lack of maternal feelings. Nick learns that Tom is having an affair, he figures out that Daisy is unhappy but will never leave Tom, and he meets Jordan Baker, who will become his romantic interest. What’s Next? Wondering why the book starts the way it does? For example, what does Nick’s dad’s advice mean? And what’s with that strange poem Fitzgerald uses as an epigraph? Check out the explanation of the novel’s beginning. Did you know that this wasn’t Fitzgerald’s first choice of title? Learn more about the history and meaning of the title. Move on to the summary of Chapter 2or go back to the overview of the whole novel. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Managing Health and Safety in the workplace Assignment

Managing Health and Safety in the workplace - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that legal provisions require employers to perform health risk and safety assessment. A typical risk assessment involves identification of health hazards and the associated risks at a workplace as well as how to deal with them. It is a legal and ethical requirement in any given workplace and is a key contributor to the business success through cutting down costs. Since fitness promotes body health, much of the health hazards are minimized. Nonetheless, health hazards are encountered at the training gyms. The gym-goers have high exposure to germ infection through the training equipment, water fountain or in the locker rooms. Infections like cold an athlete’s foot are easily transmitted to the training facilities. The training staffs at the fitness centers are exposed to hazards like clouds of dust and accidents from the training equipment. Similarly, the members undergoing training are exposed to these hazards alongside the side effec ts that may develop from improper exercise and equipment malfunctioning. Having identified the health hazards and the associated risks, the management of an organization evaluates the risks of exposures that go beyond the occupational limits and necessary adjustment made. This could include ensuring proper hygiene during training and improving the condition of the training facilities. The halls need not be dusty. The different legislation, like Chapter 16 of the Russian labor code, has existed in Russia that promotes health and safety of workers at the workplace. As a fitness center that is concerned with promoting the health of the individuals, Russian Fitness Center understands the potential health hazards and risks facing the employees and the members of the club, especially during training. The center requires and encourages no sharing of facilities like towels, sweatbands, razors, and goggles. The training equipment is cleaned daily with disinfectants after the exercise to avoi d germ transmission. The center has developed modern training facilities that are dust-free. At the same time, it encourages the trainees and trainers to put on water shoes to prevent cases of athlete’s foot. All the injuries need to be reported to the concerned personnel and appropriate first aid mechanisms taken. Similarly, the work environment should be properly arranged with the materials, tools, and equipment stored safely in their respective places in order to minimize injuries. This is in place at the center. The work area has to be kept clean and tidy and the operator has to check all the training equipment for safety before they are used. Besides, the training equipment should be maintained and operated by qualified personnel. Unqualified staff contributes to the risks. Members need to be guided on the use of gym equipment. The individuals using equipment should be aware of the mechanism of stopping the machine in case of an emergency. All these requirements are fulf illed at the fitness center. The fitness center has put in place most of the measures that comply with the health and safety policies in Russia.

Business finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business finance - Essay Example The nickel dealing of Anglo American plc comprises of two major procedures: in Brazil it is Codemin and in Venezuela it is Loma de Niquel. In May 2010, the company declared the sale of few French construction materials production. The Sector of the company is Basic Materials and the Industry is Industrial Metals & Minerals. The company has more than 50,000 Employees. In 2010 as well as start of 2011 the company experienced a burly restoration on the support of progressively increasing stipulate and superior prices for all of the commodities in the company’s diversified portfolio. Anglo American plc‘s clear policy of paying attention on seven means commodities, lashing cost lessening, protected operations and functioning leading industry presentation is being done productively, with all its businesses going down their industry cost structures. This was consequence by a sturdy set of operating outcome. The operating profit of group surged by harshly to $10 billion, which w as $5 billion in 2009, on the same time cash flow from operations (CFO) enhanced from $4 billion to $7 billion. Industrial Metals & Minerals is a major sector in the U.K. economy. I selected to keep Anglo American plc in my portfolio because if performed very well in the last two to three years. Net income and CFO is remarkably marvelous and good. One more thing the demand of commodities in the recent past is risen above. Gold as well as silver mount up. In these scenarios Anglo American plc was a considerable candidate to keep the company in my portfolio. Its price was 3347 pounds when I purchased it. Over the time period of investment from 11 February to 8 April 2011 the company performance remained in slightly loss of 3 pound per stock. I bought 54 stocks of Anglo American plc which closed at 3344 pounds at the end of the trading day of 8 April 2011. Carnival Corporation & plc is the leading and financially stable cruise corporation among the biggest and most gainful vacation cor porations around the globe. The mission of the Carnival Corporation & plc is to distribute outstanding vacation experiences from beginning to end lots of of the world’s popular journey brands that provide to a diversity of dissimilar geographic areas and way of life, every single one at an exceptional worth unrivalled on land or at ocean.Carnival Corporation & plc‘s collection of cruise brands is all around the globe including in Europe, North America, Australia and in Asia. The main popular brands of the company are Carnival Cruise Lines, Princess Cruises, Holland America Line. These brands functions 100 ships adding more than 191,000 lower berths with 10 new ships planned to be served between March 2011 t0 May 2014. The company traded on equally the New York stock exchange as well as in London Stock Exchanges, Carnival Corporation & plc is the barely grouping in the globe to be incorporated in together the indices of S&P 500 and the FTSE 100. The Sector of the company is consumer goods and the Industry is recreational goods. The company has more than 80,000 workers. Today, the recognition of the Carnival Corporation & plc and business feasibility are contingent on being apparent and sustainable. This implies given that fulfilling vacations while care the valued guests safe and sound, budding our personnel, and escalation relations with all the stakeholder dealings. Recreational goods are a key sector in the U.K. economy as well as growing

Cultural Tourism Essay Example for Free

Cultural Tourism Essay Tourism is one of the largest industries in the world today that consists of eco-tourism, beach tourism, cruises, cultural tourism and business tourism. This essay will mainly discuss the authenticity of cultural tourism. Meethan suggested in 2001 that modern cultures and societies are just as authentic as those that are present since decades and even centuries. Meethan here is correct, because the tourists really seek a dispersed experience in cultures both modern and old. However, many people think that only the traditional cultures and original artefacts come under the definition of authentic cultural tourism. Even the tourists have a different insight of what constitutes the authenticity in cultural tourism. This essay will talk about these issues and their implications for cultural tourism. Cultural tourism, according to World Tourism Organization (WTO), is the visit of the interested tourists to culturally rich destinations and their visit consists of a range of activities such as visits to heritage buildings and sites, attending performances of the local artists, taking part in traditional festivities and pilgrimage of holy places. Many do not agree with this narrow definition by WTO as the cultural tourism is synonymised with the civilizations and the way of living of the historic societies in that tourist destination. The local residents are mostly ignored from the definition and also from the concept of cultural tourism. However, the truth is that the locals make up for the major part of the experience of tourists. Their way of living and the current culture of the residents if often revitalized for enhancing the experience of the tourists. This forced influence on the local cultures for attracting more tourists is hurting the authenticity of the cultures in tourist destinations (Clarke 2003). Although it is true that tourists seek a combination of modern and traditional cultures on their destinations, but they prefer to consume traditional and modern tourism separately. Some of the tourists just fly from East to West for sinking into the beauty of traditional culture. These tourists want to enjoy the tradition by visiting cultural heritage buildings, attending traditional theatres and listening to the cultural songs of the destination. However, some cultural entrepreneurs try to blend the modern aspects with the traditional culture for the promotion of the destinations. There is a triangle of the cultural entrepreneurs, the tourists and the residents of the destination. The culture of the destination is defined by the way of living of the residents and the activities of the entrepreneurs. For the purpose of expanding the business, attracting more tourists and enhancing their sales, the local hosts and cultural entrepreneurs force the residents to change their way of living and link it to the culture. This is done in order to present the tourists with a cultural experience. Hungary has been known for the production wine and the tradition of small wine shops with their own vineyards. These shops and the people involved in the production of wine were of a particular attraction to the tourists as they saw this tradition of wine production as a rich culture. As tourism thrived, there were attempts to increase the production of wines through both, the government authorities and through the cultural entrepreneurs. However, this mass production of wine was not as successful as the wine from small wineries. This is the threat to the authenticity of the culture and the tourists proved that they did not like this blend of modern and traditional culture in Hungary. They proved that they preferred the traditional culture over the modern culture as the mass production of Hungarian wine was not successful. The tourists came to this Hungarian destination for the experience of the traditional small wineries and not for the wine. The tourists also did not get any special treatment by the independent wine producers in Hungary because they considered the tourists as a source of sales. The tourists were not treated any differently from other customers and they were given the sale offer; taste it and purchase it if you like it. This was because the only interest for the wine producers was the revenue from the sale of the wines and nothing more. In this case, the original culture was not touched by the cultural entrepreneurs, and minimal accommodation was made for the tourists such as the use of local wood for furniture. This resulted in the reduction of wine tourism in this area as there was no cultural entrepreneurship. There was nothing more in the offer except the wine, but afterwards some food dishes were also added to the menu but the tourism still was low because of the more complex wine tourism efforts by the other countries. The other countries excelling in wine production attracted more tourists than Hungary because they were able to blend the modern and traditional culture. Another case that supports the view of Meethan is the case of â€Å"Valley of the Arts† which attracted millions of customers each year at the arts festival that was organized by Istvan Marta. The organizers gave a deep thought on the cultural perspectives of the valley and they came to the conclusion that different tourists have different needs. The high spenders would require different type of product than attending just a simple art festival. The venues were made better and redesigned and the marketing efforts were doubled. The organizers attracted sponsorships and media coverage and hence added to the appeal. The locals were also involved and were allowed to attend the shows and these events were transformed into a very fashionable one. Soon the streets became crowded with high end cars owned by the German tourists. Hence, from these two case studies, the lessons learnt are that an entrepreneurial spirit is necessary for the promotion of the cultural tourism focusing on the core of the activity. Hence, modern and traditional cultures need to go hand in hand for the attraction of the international tourists. The commercial intent is necessary but the tradition should be kept alive which is the driving force for the tourists. The tourists should be given added facilities to augment the sales and attract the high spenders and luxury seekers. While Alan Clarke was working in the rural areas of Hungary, the local tradition was kept alive but still the communication technologies had a lot of penetration. The list of available international channels was far more than the number available in United Kingdom. The rural areas had access to Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, French, German, American and Russian channels (Clarke 2003). Jaipur, a culturally rich city of India, is particularly selected as a destination by tourists because of its historical attractions including the handicrafts and the heritage. Jaipur inhibits some of the forts built by the Moguls, centuries old paintings, the preserved sculptures and the traditional excellence in architecture that is preserved in buildings such as mosques. The tourists are also keen to visit Jaipur because of the folklore dances and Sufi music that was inspired by pundits and saints centuries ago. However, the city is continuously gearing up and adding more hotels and hi-tech facilities for the tourists. The core product of tourism in this city is the same for all tourists, but different income level groups can enjoy different class of tourism in this city (Kala 2008). High spenders can opt to spend their evenings in luxury spas while the people belonging to lower income group can live in small hotels and save money to spend on the purchase of handicraft and sculptures. According to a survey on the local residents, around 85% of the residents of Jaipur think that there was an evidence of development of city because of tourism and more entertainment facilities such as pubs, bars, hotels, swimming pools and parks were being developed. In the city, the local small scale industries were also being promoted by the government as the handicraft items were in demand by the foreign tourists. New hotels were also being built for accommodating the increasing number of tourists over time. This has induced employment and created new job opportunities for the local residents. Around 81% of the respondents in Jaipur thought that employment was being generated in the city because of the increasing tourism. Hotels and restaurants are labour intensive and hence they require the locals to work in their facilities. This generates more jobs for the local residents. Increasing tourism had positive impacts on the economy, but the locals have to face the problems such as increased traffic jams in the city and change in the culture. The way of living of the locals change as the standard of living gets better. Once the international tourists start coming in, and development start, then the primary culture is forgotten. 71% of the respondents of a survey in Jaipur commented that the increase in tourism has affected their traditional culture (Kala 2008). This change in traditional culture and way of living could harm the cultural tourism industry in the long term because the tourists will not be attracted to the city once the way of living of the locals is changed. The tourist-host interaction is very important in cultural tourism because it is an integral part of cultural tourism. The cultural tourists expect a spontaneous interaction with the locals and their traditional hospitality. However, if these important elements are vanished from the Jaipur culture, then the cultural tourists will no longer be attracted to the city. From the case studies presented, it is proved that only those tourist destinations have been successful which integrated modern and traditional culture. Authenticity of the culture is affected by designing attractions for the tourists but this depends upon the definition of cultural tourism. The modern tourist, however, can no longer enjoy cultural tourism that is untouched by modernity. There are also some issues when there is a blend of the two types of cultures. If these issues are managed properly, cultural tourism can be of great help to the economy of the destination and it can be responsible for raising the standard of living of the locals too. WORKS CITED Clarke, A. The Cultural Tourism Dynamic. Conference on Developing Cultural Tourism. UK: University of Nottingham, 2003. Kala, N. Host Perception of Heritage Tourism Impact with Special Refernce to the City of Jaipur. entrepreneurs 1, no. 1 (2008): 65-76.

Communities of Lantern Yard and Raveloes Influence on the Development

Communities of Lantern Yard and Raveloe's Influence on the Development of Silas Marner's Character Silas Marner, "The Weaver of Raveloe" was, in my opinion, greatly influenced by the two communities in which he spent his life. The first, Lantern Yarn was a religious community that is going through a period of industrialisation during the novel, whereas Raveloe, where we remain for the large part of the novel, has not yet felt the industrial revolution and is the countryside of community and society. It is ironic that the two communities were so different yet they both drove Silas to turn inward (though the influence of certain Raveloe citizens eventually made him turn outwards again). In George Eliot's novel, we learn a lot about community and we can see a clear definition of what this means. In Lantern Yard, the community shares its potent Christian beliefs while Raveloe habitants all share a love for social behaviour and share an understanding of a clear class system. While both groups of people (Lantern Yard and Raveloe) are very different, they both show us that a community is the people of an area who share their origins, beliefs and/or interests. In Lantern Yard, Silas was a highly regarded, prominent member of the community. He was well educated and it was in Lantern Yard that he started to turn away from the knowledge of medicinal herbs that his mother had taught him. In Lantern Yard, Silas was extremely trusting and open. We also see early on in the novel that Silas had a clear ability to love. A religious man, he found enjoyment in the debate of religious matters and he fell in love with a woman named Sarah. He was, however, betrayed by his best friend William Dane (Waif) and brought to a... ...harp contrasts with chapter twenty-one. Eliot also uses colours to create a more vivid image for the reader, one you can almost feel yourself being part of and while Lantern Yard is, to Eppie at least a "dark, ugly place" and "worse than the workhouse" Raveloe remains light, friendly and ""a pretty home"." In conclusion, Silas Marner's character was greatly influenced by the two communities in which he spent his life. Firstly, Lantern Yard, his original home, caused him to turn inward and forced him to enter into a downward spiral, something from which he was eventually lifted by the Raveloe community. While Raveloe did, at first allow him to carry on in isolation, the community eventually changed his character, and aided him in the path to self discovery as he subconsciously endeavoured to learn to trust again, learn to love again and how to be loved. Communities of Lantern Yard and Raveloe's Influence on the Development Communities of Lantern Yard and Raveloe's Influence on the Development of Silas Marner's Character Silas Marner, "The Weaver of Raveloe" was, in my opinion, greatly influenced by the two communities in which he spent his life. The first, Lantern Yarn was a religious community that is going through a period of industrialisation during the novel, whereas Raveloe, where we remain for the large part of the novel, has not yet felt the industrial revolution and is the countryside of community and society. It is ironic that the two communities were so different yet they both drove Silas to turn inward (though the influence of certain Raveloe citizens eventually made him turn outwards again). In George Eliot's novel, we learn a lot about community and we can see a clear definition of what this means. In Lantern Yard, the community shares its potent Christian beliefs while Raveloe habitants all share a love for social behaviour and share an understanding of a clear class system. While both groups of people (Lantern Yard and Raveloe) are very different, they both show us that a community is the people of an area who share their origins, beliefs and/or interests. In Lantern Yard, Silas was a highly regarded, prominent member of the community. He was well educated and it was in Lantern Yard that he started to turn away from the knowledge of medicinal herbs that his mother had taught him. In Lantern Yard, Silas was extremely trusting and open. We also see early on in the novel that Silas had a clear ability to love. A religious man, he found enjoyment in the debate of religious matters and he fell in love with a woman named Sarah. He was, however, betrayed by his best friend William Dane (Waif) and brought to a... ...harp contrasts with chapter twenty-one. Eliot also uses colours to create a more vivid image for the reader, one you can almost feel yourself being part of and while Lantern Yard is, to Eppie at least a "dark, ugly place" and "worse than the workhouse" Raveloe remains light, friendly and ""a pretty home"." In conclusion, Silas Marner's character was greatly influenced by the two communities in which he spent his life. Firstly, Lantern Yard, his original home, caused him to turn inward and forced him to enter into a downward spiral, something from which he was eventually lifted by the Raveloe community. While Raveloe did, at first allow him to carry on in isolation, the community eventually changed his character, and aided him in the path to self discovery as he subconsciously endeavoured to learn to trust again, learn to love again and how to be loved.

Macau Pension Fund Essay

According to the Act 84/89/M, Social Security fund would provide subsidies or assistance for unemployed, sick and retired people. This was the so-call â€Å"the first tier of social security†. At the same time, SSF was positioned as a financially independent fund under the local government. In Macau, Pension fund is included in the SSF, and there is no separation between the management of pension fund and SSF. Instead, pension fund is considered as an expense from the aspect of financial management. All the working people, including non-permanent and permanent residents, are required to contribute to SSF in each month. If they have contributed enough amounts, they can get part of or all the pension fund payment after retirement. Since 1993, the government was gradually enlarging the coverage of pension fund beneficiary. So far, most unemployed or workless people, such as housewife, could join the voluntary contributions program. After certain periods of contribution, those people are also entitled to the pension fund payment from SSF once they are over 60. 2. 0 Current Problems As a financially independent fund, SSF is supposed to maintain the operation with the contribution as its major income. However, government funding has already become the most important income of SSF in recent years. In 2010, government budget and funding from gaming tax accounted for 92% of the total income of SSF (see figure 1). For the pension fund, many people stated that the pension fund payment, maximum MOP 2,000, is not enough under the high-inflation economy. Some academies also claim that the contribution is not enough to maintain the budget balance of SSF. After all, government announced the predictable deficit of SSF since 2014 and bankruptcy in 2020 without government funding, which cause the heated discussion in Macau. 3. 1 Insufficient Contribution According to the SSF regulation, a resident who have contributed to SSF for 30 years is qualified to get MOP 2,000 per month after retirement at 65. Actually the monthly contribution to SSF has been fixed at MOP 45 per person since 1998, which means the total contribution in 30 years would be returned in 9 months after retirement. Figure 1: Income of SSF in 2010 The contribution in 2010 only accounted for 5. 35% of the annual income of SSF and 24. 4% of the pension fund payment. In other words, the contribution is obviously insufficient to support the pension fund payment. The pension fund payment has been increased from MOP 800 in 1995 to MOP 2,000 recently, so as other subsidies and assistances. Therefore, the government kept increasing funding for SSF to prepare for the increasing outcome. Millions (MOP) Figure 3: Social security expenditures by SSF 3. 2 Insufficient Pension Fund Payment According to the poverty line set up by Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the people with an income level lower than half of median income should be considered as poor people. Referring to 2011 median income published by Macau Statistics and Census Service, people have income lower than MOP 5,000 per month should be classified as needy. However, the maximum amount of pension fund payment is MOP 2,000, only 40% of the poverty line. The payment is even lower than the minimum subsistence index for one-person family, which is MOP 3,000 after the adjustment by Macau government on 1 Apr 2012. In view of this, some communities and organizations have called for further raise of pension fund payment. 3. 3 Inefficient Management Rate of Return Percentage Inflation Rate Figure 2: Investment return of SSF balance and Macau inflation rate Given the enlarging funding from government, the balance of SSF have increased from MOP 1. 5 billion in 2006 to MOP 6. 2 billion in 2010. However, it has been shown in Figure 2 that the investments return of SSF balance is just a bit higher than the inflation. During the financial crisis, there was even a negative return recorded in 2008. By ignoring year 2008, there is still a downward trend of the return. According to the 2010 annual report of SSF, 72. 43% of SSF balance was deposited into local bank, the remaining proportion was entrusted to fund managing company for only low-risk investments. Under the fix-rate hedging between MOP and HKD, the interest rate of Macau is close to interest rate in Hong Kong, which is similar to US interest rate. Since the 2008 financial crisis, Fed has applied the ultra low interest rate and the interest rate is believed to be maintained until 2014. So, a 72. 43% of deposit in an investment portfolio is reasonably considered as inefficient. 3. 4 Irregular government subsidies In 2008 Macau government introduced the â€Å"Wealth Partaking Scheme†. Each permanent resident will receive the cash check issue by government and each non-permanent residents would received 60% of the partaking amount to permanent resident. The aim of the scheme is to share the result of economic development under the high-inflation economy. However, in some people’s view, the scheme has been considered as supplement of social security and thus expected to transfer the scheme into regular subsidies. Beside the partaking scheme, Macau government established the â€Å"Central Saving Plan† – to inject certain capital into individual account of all the permanent attained the age of 22 in the year. The government claimed that the plan is â€Å"the second tier of social security† and the plan will enhance the living security of retired people. Under the government regulation, people could withdraw the saving fund only when they are over 65 or in urgent needs.

Biography Informative Speech

As we all know, grandmas are known for making delicious food. I discovered a long time ago that have a big problem breaking eggs; so I was very excited when I discovered the gaggles recipe for Cocoa Kiss Cookies. I was given the recipe for these cookies by my mom, Rena Williams. My mom got the recipe from her mother; Lucy Long, who got the recipe from the chocolate factory in Hershey, PA. II. If you ever are In a situation where you need to Impress your grandma then, cook her a chocolate cookie with a kiss In the center. Ill.Cookies are easier to make than you think so I'm going to show you the three steps in making cocoa kiss cookies: the ingredients, the mixing process, and baking. ‘V. First: Ingredients needed A. The wet mixture 1. You will need 1 cup melted butter. 2. 2/2 cup sugar combined with melted butter. 3. 1 teaspoon vanilla extract to form wet mixture. B. The dry mixture 1. You will need 1 and % cups all purpose flour. 2. To finalize dry mixture you need 1/4 cup coc oa. C. Re-last the Ingredients: 1. 1 cup melted butter 2. 2/2 cup sugar 3. 1 TTS. Vanilla extract 4. /2 cup all-purpose flour 5. H cup cocoa 6. Hershey Kisses to put In center later V. Secondly: Mixing ingredients 1 . First the contents of the wet mixture (the butter, sugar and vanilla) are mixed within a larger bowl until all the ingredients are well blended. 2. A good tip from my grandma, Lucy, is to never pour the vanilla over the mixing bowl in case the vanilla spills. This way if a spill occurs, the dough Is not ruined. B. The dry mixture 1 . The Ingredients of the dry mixture (flour and cocoa) are mixed together In a smaller bowl until evenly distributed.Mixing the flour and cocoa evenly will only take a few stirs with a spoon. 2. After mixing the dry ingredients together, pour them into the wet mixture and start stirring. C. The dough 1 . A hint from Hershey. Com says, â€Å"Do not over-mix the dough because it may cause the cookies to spread too much. † 2. To help che ck your mixing, the dough should be place in the refrigerator to chill for an hour, or until firm enough to handle. VI. Baking A. Forming the dough 1. To form the dough into balls, scoop out a spoonful of dough and place in the palm f your hand. . Take one Hershey kiss and place in the center of the dough ball. 3. Use both hands to form the dough around the Hershey kiss. B. Baking the dough 1. Heat the oven to 375 degrees. 2. Place the dough balls onto an engrossed cookie sheet. 3. Bake 10-12 minutes or until they are set. 4. Cool the cookies completely after baking before removing them from cookie sheet. VI'. Conclusion So, to summarize lets go over the three parts: A. First, we have the butter, sugar, and vanilla which make up the wet mixture. The lour and cocoa make up the dry mixture.B. Second, we blend the wet and dry mixtures together until we have playgroup like dough. C. Lastly, after rolling the dough and Hershey Kisses together, they are baked in the oven for about 10 minu tes. So if you ever are in a situation where you need to impress your grandma, cook her a chocolate cookie with a kiss in the center. Works Cited â€Å"Baking Hints. † Heresy's website. Hershey, PA. 2014. Http://www. Heartsickness. Com Long, Lucy. Personal Interview. Septet. 2014. Williams, Rena. Personal Interview. Septet. 2014.

Pulse Code Modulation essays

Pulse Code Modulation essays Pulse code modulation (PCM) is the digital way to transmit analog data. The signals in PCM are binary; that is, there are only two possible states, represented by logic 1 (high) and logic 0 (low). This is true no matter how complex the waveform happens to be. Using PCM, it is possible to digitize all forms of analog data, including full-motion video, voices, music, telemetry, and virtual reality. The data is feed into an encoder that performs the following functions: sampling, quantizing, and encoding. Sampling is the process of reading the values of an analog signal in discrete time. This is done with the Nyquist Frequency, which states the analog wave must be sampled at a rate of at least twice its sampled rate. For example: if a analog signal contains a maximum frequency variation of 3000 Hz, the analog wave must be sampled at a rate of 6000Hz or more. The next function is the Quantizing process. Quantization is the process of assigning one of the possible discrete level s to each sample obtained. The total number of levels depends on the number of bits to used to represent each sample. This is done by either rounding (assigning the nearest level to the signal which may be greater than or less than the actual signal) or truncating (assigning the nearest level which is lower than the actual sample). This process gives a stepped waveform which resembled the original or sent signal. The difference between the actual sample and the value assigned to it is known as the quantization noise. The last function is the encoding process. In the encoder a binary number is assigned to the analog signal that was sampled. This is called the n-bit digital word, n is chosen as a power of 2 depending on the level of accuracy required. The output of a pulse code modulator is a series of binary numbers, each represented by the power of 2 bits. At the destination (receiver end) of the communications circuit, a pulse code ...

Writing Step by Step Winning Resume

Writing Step by Step Winning Resume Writing Step by Step: Winning Resume Want to be on the competitive edge and get the job of your dreams? Writing step by step will help you compose a job-winning resume! Follow these recommendations, discover useful tips, and use them to make a great CV! Step 1. Decide what kind of job you are looking for and determine whether your skills are suitable for it. Step 2. Make sure your resume has a clear structure. Divide it into the following parts: objective, personal details, education, work experience, skills, foreign languages, hobbies and interests, references. Step 3. Complete each part with suitable information. Â  Objective is one of key parts of your CV. Formulate the exact goal for your job search and professional intentions. The way you express why you want to get this or that job is likely to make the HR Manager choose your candidacy and invite you to the interview. Â  Personal Details come into play in the next part of your CV, where you actually introduce yourself. Provide personal information: first and last name, date and place of birth, age, address, telephone number and e-mail. If you have more than one phone number, provide all of them. In case one number doesn’t answer, the recruiter can get in touch with you by using another one. The Education section is designed to provide details on your qualifications, including any and all degrees you have earned. Its also a good idea to mention training courses you have attended. Doing so may indicate that you take a serious interest in some specific area and want to increase your academic achievements. Well-rounded education and high qualifications – thats what recruiters seek! In the next part that is called Work Experience, list all the companies you worked for, as well as your positions and responsibilities. Dont be afraid to mention the smallest companies and the lowest positions. Everyone needs a start! Besides, starting in lower positions or working for smaller companies can mean that you have a more thorough knowledge of all areas in your specialty. Your desire to move on and get essential experience speaks in favor of your candidacy! The section labeled Skills has to include information regarding all abilities you consider to be relevant for the targeted job and position. Interpersonal, leadership and organizational skills, team spirit, willingness to compromise – each can be vital to your new job! Are you creative and enthusiastic – write a couple of words about that, too! Have a critical look at yourself – dont exaggerate or understate your weak points, but at the same time, theres no need to underestimate yourself. Remember that you are not cheap labor but, instead, a promising employee! What does the part Foreign Languages have to do with anything? If the company is an international one and has business partners in other countries, your ability to provide successful communication in other languages can be of great importance. State what languages you speak fluently or in which you have a good written command. Do you have a bright personality? Say a couple of words about it in the section under Hobbies and Interests! Show that you are not only a book worm or that you surf the Internet all day long. Tell briefly about other parts of your life that are exciting and engaging! In References name two or three people who can recommend you and confirm your personal characteristics as well as qualifications. State their positions and provide telephone numbers so that the recruiter can contact them as needed. Step 4. Attach a nice photo of yourself. Very often applicants ignore this request. However, to a highly-qualified HR Manager it means that either the applicant doesnt take the job advertisement seriously or doesnt know how. Regarding the photo itself, it shouldnt be too formal or vice-versa, too frivolous. Choose one where you are in a good mood, look friendly and are properly dressed. The picture you choose should say that you are easy to deal with and serious enough to work diligently. Step 5. Place your resume on websites that specialize in recruitment. A properly composed resume will draw the attention of an HR manager and will help you get the job! Develop a resume and become a successful job candidate! Good luck with getting a good job! Otherwise, you can visit our writing company and order a custom resume of any complexity.

Do you think the European Union has a democratic deficit Essay

Do you think the European Union has a democratic deficit - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the European Union is among the international organization that is developed. It provides an avenue for viewing the democratic structures development outside its state members. Democratic deficit is a controversial issue among the European Union members and touches on issues that are crucial. The essential issues are based on developments in the future within the theory of democracy. However, the European Union democratic deficit is known for its heterogenic nature. Thus, members are not sure if the deficit really exists and the issue is still being debated upon. Similarly, possible problem potential solutions vary in scope and range. In comparison to international organizations that are traditional, the European Union has a distinct institutional structure. The member states acceptance of the European Treaties has brought so many favours. For instance, the member states have the capability of relinquishing sovereignty in relations to institutions that are independent thus representing shared and national interests. The institutions of the European Union complement each other. In that case, each has a role to play in terms of decision-making. The decisions made fulfil various functions such as executive, judicial and legislative. There exist seven (7) key European Union governing institutions. These are such as the council, European commission, European parliament, court of justice, court of auditors and the European Central Bank. (â€Å"European Union Primer†). All these institutions have a role to play as illustrated below. The council main role is to set an agenda. In that case, it is responsible for the overall European Union political direction. However, it has no mandate to approve any laws. As a result of the role it plays, members have to meet occasionally after every six months. It comprises of the state or government national heads and the commission’s president. In their meetings, they do cover various issues facing the member countries. These are such as, transport, industry, environment, agriculture among others. On matters related to law-making, the European Union three institutions play an essential part. These are such as, the European Union Council, European parliament and the European commission. The parliament represents the citizens of the European Union; the council represents the state or governments of European Union members and the commission represents the Union interest. Jointly, these institutions work together to come up with viable policies for the Union. They follow the ordinary legislative process and provide laws and policies that are thorough. The policies and laws are then adopted throughout the European Union. Ideally, it is the commission that proposes laws that need to be implemented whilst the council and parliament approves them. The European Union member countries and the commission task are to implement the newly generated laws and poli cies. Furthermore, the commission has to ensure that the designed laws are implemented and applied properly (â€Å"EU institutions and other bodies†). The Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors have also a significant role to play in the European Union. The court of justice main purpose is to ensure the correct interpretation of the community law and its implementation in correspondent with the signed Treaties. For instance, a ruling can be made by the court if a state member fails to follow any laid down Treaties obligations. Alternatively, if the country fails to check community institutions instruments that are compatible with regards to the Treaty. This occurs whereby, annulment actions are presented before the court or failure to act by the European commission, council or parliament. Apart from the above roles, the court of justice has all the powers to give their opinion on Treaties correct

Alexandria Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alexandria - Research Paper Example To add to this, they had no navigation tools and only used stars and eyesight for knowing directions. The light house thus formed a major point of showing directions to travellers in the region during both the day and the night (Stokes 67). Sostracus was a Greek architect from Asia in a minor city of Cnidus (Hamilton 21). During the construction, he wanted to put the king’s name alongside his name on the great art of the light house but his request was not granted by the pharaoh at the time, Ptolemy. Sostracus then decided to play a trick on the king by first carving his own carving bearing his name a task which he did with a lot of artistic design. He then made the kings carving which was made from mere plaster (Hamilton 29). With time the plaster washed away and left only his own carving which reads ‘Sostratos of Cnidus, son of Dexiphanes, to the savior gods, for sailors’. This is a show of how creative Sostracus was with his artistic designs. He had skills to e nable him do anything. This essay thus tries to analyze and discuss all the artistic styles and symbolism he used as an artist. It gives why he chose to use the specific artistic styles and their symbolism in the work (Stokes 77). The light house was built on a very large space. ... This is evident from the fact that with time the name lighthouse started to represent the name pharos. Travellers now referred to pharaoh as the light house. The large base area of the light house showed the stability of the king’s council and the large army he had for security purposes. It also shows the stability of the trade he was conducting at the city. The light house was built to enable guide traders to the Alexandria city for trade purposes. Being huge was also a representation of the massive trade and money at the place. This thus attracted a lot of people at the place. The lighthouse was also very tall (Doak 85). Being tall was a representation of how far their power can go. Their power included monetary value and the fierce army they had (Stokes 55). Considering the material used in the building of the light house; white marble. It is a representation of the peaceful nature of the country. Being white shows that the trade transacted at the place was blameless and wi thout deceit and lies (Bowman 21). It was also a representation of the good leadership of Egypt by the pharos. Marble is also seen to be very hard. This is seen to be a representation of the powerful and strong governance of Egypt. It shows that the security and protection state of the city and Egypt in general is up to date and no invasion can manage to bring it down. The smooth nature of marble is a representation of the peaceful nature of Egypt and Alexandria as a trading venue. It shows that the inhabitants of Egypt and the leaders do not have ill plans to the visitors and the traders to the place (Bowman 29). The third piece of the light house was mainly build using limestone.

Ethical Issues in the Criminal Justice Field (Untruthfullness) Article

Ethical Issues in the Criminal Justice Field (Untruthfullness) - Article Example s; stealing money and/or drugs from drug dealers; selling stolen drugs; protecting drug operations; providing false testimony; and submitting false crime reports† (General Accounting Office, 1998: 8). Between 1993 and 1997, at least half of the law-enforcement personnel convicted of corruption offenses while on duty were led to their actions through drug-related activities. In addition, more than 100 drug-related cases involving police officers are prosecuted within the country every year. Another indication of the widespread problem is found in the fact that all of the nation’s federal drug enforcement agencies have had at least one of its agents implicated in a drug-related offense. Throughout the country, officers have capitulated to the same temptations and potential rewards of the drug market that attracts their criminal counterparts. The ethical cost of this corruption has far-reaching repercussions not only within our law enforcement units, but also in our concept ion of society itself. It seems the causes of police corruption would be fairly easy to explain given the tremendous rewards associated with the drug trade. The financial rewards offered by the sales of illegal drugs in relation to other forms of income are enormous. This temptation comes on top of an increasing sense of frustration among law enforcement officers realizing the futility of their efforts as the number of drug traffickers continues to grow. This is also exacerbated by a society that has come to value material wealth much more than personal integrity or honorable behavior. The War on Drugs has been officially declared for 30 years now, resulting in the incarceration and prosecution of millions of people, but there has been no discernable positive effect. Drugs are now more available, cheaper and often more potent than ever before. Disheartened police officers often put their lives in jeopardy daily to fight against drugs, but must also deal with being under-paid and

Lesson Planning For Inclusive Classroom

Lesson Planning For Inclusive Classroom I found three lesson plans for elementary school kindergarten, middle school grade 7-8, and high school grade 9-10. The first lesson plan is â€Å"The Four Seasons on Earth† by Kimberlee McElroy on teachnology.com. I found this lesson plan to be useful in accommodating children with learning disabilities (LD). The objective of this lesson plan is â€Å"for students to be able to name all the four seasons and to be able to describe how the weather of the seasons and to also be able to determine what should be wore and what activities are fitting for the different seasons† (McElroy, 2012). This lesson plan was designed for students who have a language impairment and to help them be able to increase their knowledge of vocabulary and their usage related to the four seasons. â€Å"Vocabulary is critical to reading success for three reasons: comprehension improves when you know what the words mean, words are the currency of communication and a robust vocabulary improves all areas of communication such as listening, speaking, reading and writing, and when children and adolescents improve their vocabulary, their academic and social confidence and competence improve, too† (Alexander, n.d. ). This lesson plan is made especially for students with LD. It will help to increase a child’s vocabulary and can also be adjusted to meet the needs of each child who has an IEP. It accommodates all types of learners and not just one type of learner. Some adaptations that could be made to the lesson plan include visual aides for the students such as real pictures of the different seasons. Different clothing items can be brought in to show what appropriate clothing is for that time of year. Also, different foods can be brought in for each of the seasons such as vegetable soup or vegetable beef soup for winter. The students can create a book of their own on each of the seasons and draw pictures or bring in pictures or items for the different seasons. Students can also write a few words that relate to the particular season such as cold, snow, and white. Those can be vocabulary words as well. Graphic organizers can be used to help a students to be able to organize the words for each season. â€Å"Graphic organizers may greatly assist students with learning disabilities in connecting new material to prior knowledge, identifying main ideas and supporting details, drawing inferences, and creating effective problem-solving strategiesâ⠂¬  (Wayne, 2011, para. 10). The lesson plan that I am using already has accommodations for special needs students such as visual sentence starters and verbal prompts. I believe I could pair students who have a learning disability with a non disabled child and have them work to help each other with their books by giving suggestions and helping to say the vocabulary words. For a child with LD, they may not be able to write a word such as snow very well so I would create a worksheet for them to be able to trace the letters. The second lesson plan is â€Å"The Pearl† by John Blackwell on teachnology.com. This is a lesson plan for grades 7-8. The objective for this lesson plan is to â€Å"Facilitate understanding of the importance of rules in society, relate decision-making skills to each students own personal experiences, foster an appreciation for reading, and help students develop an understanding for what the authors point of view and what they are trying to convey† (Blackwell, 2012). This lesson plan is tailored to meet the needs of special education students. This lesson plan was designed to help students in middle school grades to be able to enhance their reading comprehension, read novels, and to learn appropriate decision making skills (Blackwell, 2012). Reading comprehension is important for students to learn in order to be able to understand what is it that they are reading and the words that they are reading. â€Å"Without comprehension, reading is simply following words on a pa ge from left to right while sounding them out and the words on the page have no meaning and while people read for many different reasons, the chief goal is to derive some understanding of what the writer is trying to convey and make use of that information – whether for fact gathering, learning a new skill, or for pleasure† (Marshall, 2014, para. 2). Some adaptations that could be used are allowing the students to read aloud to the class if they are comfortable enough to do so. Also, the students could get in groups and act out parts of the book that way students can visually see what the story is about. A research-based strategy that can be used is a concept map and it works just like graphic organizers. They can help a child to brainstorm and map out ideas. A concept map can be used before reading begins and students can share what they already know about a concept. Then, when the reading begins, students can add to the map as a group as the story progresses. Students can also draw pictures to help them remember or understand or even use pictures form the internet or cut out to help them (Reading Rockets, 2015). This lesson plan has accommodations already but some accommodations I could recommend is allowing a students to use a text to speech program to have the book read to them if they have difficulty with reading or communication disorder. For the particular book in the lesson plan, there is an audible version of the book for students to be able to listen to the story and follow along. For a final report, accommodations such as being able to use speak to text software can help a students to be able to write their report if they have a hard time typing or writing. That way the can see what is being typed out instead of having errors throughout their paper. They also can be paired up with a partner that can help them to write their paper and get in it on time. For the last lesson plan, I chose â€Å"My Country† by Donna Lewis on teachnology.com. This lesson plan is for grades 9-10 and the objective of this lesson plan is for students to be able to apply the theories of the government, economics, and also sociology and they will be able to create their own country and do research to gather information. They will design their own government, pick a location, and create their own flag (Lewis, 2014). This lesson plan is designed to accommodate special needs students and they will be working in teams to create their own country and government. It also teaches the students about the government and also how to do research. It helps students to be able to create their own country and to see what it takes to run it. It teaches them to be able to apply concepts to real world situations they will face. Civic education means explicit and continuing study of the basic concepts and values underlying our democratic political community and constitu tional order and civic education also involves development of skills in making decisions about public issues and participating in public affairs† (Hoge, 1988, para. 2). Even students with special needs has to be able to understand how government works and how to handle public issues and to make decisions. I see this lesson plan helping a students with LD or CD to be able to use critical thinking, learn concepts to use in the real world, and to also learn how to use public speaking to their advantage. It can help to build up their confidence. Some adaptations that could be made is possibly taking a field trip to a government building such as the state capital to learn and see how the government functions on a daily basis. They can take notes and they can have a classmate help them take notes and help to translate anything a special needs students may not understand. Also, it could be arranged for the students to act out certain types of the government to help them understand how it works and hat they would like to use to develop their country. They could act out the signing of the declaration of independence and develop ideas on how to create their own. If the students is not comfortable n acting out in front of the class, then the students and team members can do it in front of the teacher only. If they are not comfortable speaking then they can use a text to speech program to speak for them and also if they have trouble with communication. A research-based strategy I really feel that works with this lesson plan is a gra phic organizer. â€Å"Graphic organizers help students to visually display, interpret, and understand complex topics† (Ketcham, 2010). I feel a graphic organizer can help students with LD and CD and even non disabled students to be able to organize their thoughts and the information they find for their design of their own country. This lesson plan has some accommodations already for it such as talking software and spelling and writing software to help students who have reading issues and difficulty writing and spelling. A speech to text software such as Dragon can be used to help students write their paper for their final project. Assigning someone from another class to help a student who may be struggling to understand the work or the assignments and reading material. Allowing the students to be assessed verbally daily can help them to be able to say what they have learned rather than type it or write it. Questions can be asked and they can answer verbally. Some ways I feel that a teacher could leverage learning strategies is by cooperative learning groups which can help students to be able to help one another. Putting non disabled students who have a firm understanding of the lesson plan can help the students with LD and CD. This goes for all of the grade level lesson plans I chose. Also, setting objectives and providing feedback can help the students to set goals at the beginning of the lesson and to set a time frame to meet those goals. Daily goals can be set by the teacher and the student. â€Å"Setting objectives establishes directions for learning and student benefit when they personalize goals set by teachers†(Pennsylvania Department of Education [PDE], 2009). Allowing students to summarize and take notes can help them along in the lesson plan to write down important information needed for an assignment. Some social interaction for all the grade level lesson plans is having the students to introduce themselves at the begin ning of the year or the beginning of a new semester or quarter. The students can write down information about themselves or they can be paired up with another students and let them introduce each other to the class. Class discussions can be done in the beginning of class about the lesson plan and also after the lesson. It is a great way to get the students to give their input on the assignment and to interact with one another. Have the students do group presentations. It can help to divide up the workload on big assignments such as the lesson plan for high school and can help students with LD and CD to have less of a burden and to also help to keep their stress level down. Some behavior supports that would work within these lesson plans are making sure the classroom environment is accommodated for students with special needs. An example is a students with ADHD. They should not be seated where there is high traffic or loud areas and away from anything that may distract them from lear ning. Having a set class schedule or routine can help students to know what is going to happen during that class period. It can help to reduce the anxiety and keep frustrations down. â€Å"A classroom schedule that is well-designed and is implemented consistently may be the single most important factor in preventing challenging behaviors† (Ruef, Higgins, Glaeser, Patnode, n.d., p. 7). Allowing the students to be able to make choices in their lives and in class can help to reduce behavioral problems. With the students being able to have input in decision making, it will help to build their self confidence and to also have a say in what goes on in their daily lives and routines within reasonable limits. It helps with their productivity and independence. Lastly, reward positive behavior. If positive behavior is being rewarded, then chances are the student will do what it is they did again. Positive reinforcement does not need to be done all the time or for everything the studen t does because then the student will depend on that positive reinforcement all the time. A reward could be extra free time or stickers for the younger students. Also using encouraging words and showing appreciation can help the child to gain self confidence. References Alexander, F. (n.d.). Understanding Vocabulary. Retrieved from http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/understanding-vocabulary Blackwell, J. (2012). The Pearl. Retrieved from http://www.teach-nology.com/lessons/lsn_pln_view_lessons.php?action=viewcat_id=9lsn_id=19079 Hoge, J. (1988). Civic Education in Schools. Retrieved from http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9210/civic.htm Ketcham, L. (2010). Online Graphic Organizers for Use with Special Education Students. Retrieved from http://www.mangomon.com/online-graphic-organizers-for-use-with-special-education-students/ Lewis, D. (2014). My Country. Retrieved from http://www.teach-nology.com/lessons/lsn_pln_view_lessons.php?action=viewcat_id=9lsn_id=27806 Marshall, P. (2014). The Importance of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from http://www.k12reader.com/the-importance-of-reading-comprehension/ McElroy, K. (2012). Lesson Plan: The Four Seasons on Earth. Retrieved from http://www.teach-nology.com/lessons/lsn_pln_view_lessons.php?action=viewcat_id=9lsn_id=27155 Pennsylvania Department of Education. (2009). 9 High Leverage Strategies. Retrieved from http://stuff4educators.com/index.php?p=1_34_High-Impact-Strategies Reading Rockets. (2015). Concept Maps. Retrieved from http://www.readingrockets.org/strategies/concept_maps Ruef, M., Higgins, C., Glaeser, B., Patnode, M. (n.d.). Positive behavioral support: Strategies for teachers. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032context=gse_facsei-redir=1referer=http://www.bing.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dfive%2Bways%2Bthat%2Ba%2Bteacher%2Bcould%2Bgive%2Bbehavior%2Bsupports%2B%26go%3DSubmit%2BQuery%26qs%3Dbs%26form%3DQBRE#search=%22five%20ways%20teacher%20could%20give%20behavior%20supports%22 Wayne, S. (2011). Visual, spatial displays aid students with learning disabilities. Retrieved from http://news.psu.edu/story/153017/2011/12/28/visual-spatial-displays-aid-students-learning-disabilities